Organizational Behavior Essay Free Essays

I. Landing area COMPANY 1. 1 Tarmac’s structure Tarmac was initially shaped by Edgar Purnell Hooley in 1993 and now being the UK ‘s biggest quarrying organization and provider of development. We will compose a custom article test on Authoritative Behavior Essay or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Landing area leads available of totals, prepared blended cement and black-top. Its business likewise incorporate national contracting and Buxton. In procedure of shaping and creating. Landing area is required to has a reasonable structure to set up a rich business. Base on situation, Tarmac has set up a hierarchical structure that gives away from of control, obligation and correspondence. Landing area is sorted out into three organizations: Tarmac Quarry Materials, Tarmac building Products and Tarmac universal. To give away from control and obligations , in every territory, the organization center around building three primary degree of staff implies that the organization. Each level connect with a particular scope of obligations. Besides, Tarmac has a lot of business standards to guarantee representatives duty and assist them with understanding their job. Landing area activity contain backing of certain divisions and these divisions additionally share thoughts over the organization about how to improve forms and accomplish cost sparing. It clear that Tarmac structure base on its three SBUs. As an enormous and complex organization, Structured by SBUs bolster Tarmac in growing their business quickly in various geographic area. Be that as it may, cost for working up a SBU is high and that is a test for advancement of Tarmac. Allude to reference section 1, adjacent to certain divisions backing to Tarmac activity, for example, fund, human asset, etc†¦there are different divisions contained in each SBU. Landing area mean to set up multidivisional structure additionally with reason to characterize obligations regarding workers. Another point is that multidivisional structure will help Tarmac to apply absolute quality administration successfully. Be that as it may, correspondence issues may occur in this structure. a division can meddle work of others or rehash what other division did then reason misconstruing, strife and waste asset. Furthermore, to deal with its large business, Tarmac need tall structure limit range of control. Wide range of control in a major organization like Tarmac can make supervisors exhausted and lead to inappropriate dynamic. Tall structure make it simpler for chiefs to control and screen execution of subordinate. Additionally, many degree of chain of command give away from of duties and control to help multidivisional structure. In multidivisional structure, an away from of obligations is required for partitioning undertaking to director. Also, various leveled structure empower Tarmac to make centralization. As a major organization with numerous divisions, centralization is essential for Tarmac to decrease repetitive situation for sparing expense. Then again, progressive structure hypothetically forestall correspondence among workers and elevated level of director. Workers and low degree of the board can discover trouble to contact with top level. 1. 2 Tarmac’s culture Tarmac gives a lot of consideration in their way of life. In a multidivisional structure, errand or job culture ordinarily applied. Landing area need to pick a culture that suit with its drawn out point. Tarmac’s long haul point is to grow superior groups who work inside a culture of value and persistent improvement. The organization likewise has faith in drawing out the best in the entirety of their kin. With the objective to apply a culture that acknowledge group base and individual potential, task culture is more reasonable than job culture. In addition, what the organization need is offering chance to representatives to contribute their thoughts on the most proficient method to accomplish result and empowering a culture of learning. Plainly Tarmac can not make a difference job culture to accomplish these objective in light of the fact that these are disservice of this culture. With task culture, Tarmac can accomplish the company’s objective through group direction. Additionally, task culture is a significant piece of workers contribution that Tarmac apply in absolute quality administration. Be that as it may, to task culture isn't anything but difficult to apply. To develop superior group, there are three major issue should be taken in thought. Initially, Employees commitment take a lot of time and need an appropriate definite arrangement to accomplish. Instructions to rouse individuals and help them to accomplish their latent capacity are trouble in applying task culture. Besides, Tarmac face to significant expense to apply task culture. Cost for preparing, group fabricating and organizing framework may keep the organization from setting up their business. To wrap things up, authority is significant in cooperation. Who are pioneers of groups ? How would they settle on choice ? what's more, how do these choices are viable. Administration style is a basic apparatus to oversee and persuade collaboration in task culture. 1. Connection among structure and culture of Tarmac and their consequences for business execution Organizational culture can draw a major picture of an organization, the size, execution and every single significant component while authoritative structure show the request and premise of this picture. The image of Tarmac is various groups which contain aficionado and able individuals. Every one of them connect with a reasonable errand and attempt to remain in higher spot to accomplish their own objective. Moreover, all groups center around a point which is Tarmac’s vision. On the off chance that we consider about the structure, we can see that there are a chain from groups, administrators, chiefs and supervisors. One chain is delegate for a specific division and gathering of divisions make a SBU. There is a connection between structure, culture to business execution. In Tarmac. choice is produced using elevated level of the board due to centralization. Notwithstanding, task culture guarantee that there will be there are thought given by workers to administrators to fortify dynamic. Choices are initially produced using top level by centralization and typically moderate reaction to condition since they need time to go through various degree of chain of command. Be that as it may, task culture has decreased this moderate reaction. When having change to introduce thoughts, workers commitment and responsibility are improved. Likewise, this will help the choice applied rapidly in light of the fact that workers can comprehend find the change since they can be give their own assessments which are mull over. Culture of learning and improvement will in general upgrade and advance the organization information. This culture advance profitability and diminishing weight of directors in training and dynamic. Numerous burdens in Tarmac structure are settled by their way of life. Workers in task culture can accomplish their own objectives in a group. Poor correspondence between from various administration level additionally expelled by urging workers to show their thoughts yet a ultimate choice is still has a place with administrators so the dynamic is improved. The way of life makes the structure increasingly adaptable while the structure help to frame the way of life. In spite of the fact that cooperate in a group, representatives are answerable for report to their administrator. In addition, diverse degree of the board set out standard to control execution of representatives to guarantee workers execution. Likewise, zone chiefs are individuals who empower and reward staff who contribute improvement thoughts and activity to guarantee the value of group execution. 1. 4 Influence singular conduct at work in Tarmac Individual conduct at work are worked from condition inside organization on the loose. Landing area culture and approaches expect to set up a standard of conduct for each position. Connecting with representatives and act dependably are referenced five major objectives that are Tarmac esteem. The organization accentuation that representatives work at one group and each group accomplish its maximum capacity. Workers are relied upon to mindful of camaraderie for them to act in group. For each group to accomplish its maximum capacity, it have to ensure that all individuals can accomplish their maximum capacity. In other word, capacity of representatives ought to be utilized completely to improve group execution. Landing area additionally acknowledge significance of acting mindfully. It need workers to bring their skill, energy and duty to the exercises they will convey. The organization require uplifting demeanor at work with high obligation.. Furthermore, Tarmac has set of business rules that show its responsibility to working morally and mindfully. Representatives need to comprehend that their work must help the organization points and targets. Working in groups isn't implies that Tarmac doesn’t care about individual’s capacity. Landing area apply a learning and advancement for workers to build up their abilities and develop learning mentality. Through introducing thoughts on the most proficient method to accomplish the outcome, representatives will get additionally understanding in their activity. The organization administrators likewise have the errand to urge individuals to accomplish their own latent capacity. Representatives of Tarmac have chances to contribute their thought on the most proficient method to accomplish result with the goal that representatives are allowed to introduce their working style. As Tarmac notice in their procedure is to have opportune individuals with right expertise implies that individuals ought to be occupied with an errand that appropriate with their latent capacity and desire. With the goal that about capacity to carry out the responsibility as well as consciousness of individuals for their assignment is concerned. Chief need to consider that every character suit for an alternate undertaking. Supervisors and administration style are likewise influence representatives conduct at work. One strategic zone supervisor is to energize group through instructing and initiative. To work in a group, every part need a major inspiration to be a piece of it. This strategic to guarantee the disposition at work for every part remind them about their duty. Also, zone director will empower and remunerate staff who contribute improvement thoughts and activity. This activity unequivocally elevate workers to perform well and show their full capacity. For h

social marketing Focuses on Developing and Integrating

Question: Examine about the social promoting Focuses on Developing and Integrating. Answer: Presentation: Social promoting centers around creating and coordinating showcasing ideas with various ways to deal with impact personal conduct standard that benefits networks or people for social great. Social showcasing likewise considered as business promoting rehearses with the focal point of accomplishing non-business objectives. In right now, various associations have center around various social promoting cause for increasing the value of the network. In this report, spotlight would be on one of the most famous non-benefit associations to be specific Oxfam Australia, as it is hoping to enlist volunteers for satisfying business targets (oxfam.org.au, 2017). The report will portray the focal point of starting social promoting effort for initiating individuals to take volunteer exercises. The program and battle center: Oxfam speaks to an autonomous Australian non-benefit association that centers around improving the living nature of impediment individuals. Hence, Oxfam has attempted to give items to the weakness individuals at an incredibly less expensive value rate. Actually, it has attempted to give a few standard items at just $1 dollar for all the disservice individuals so they can lead their lives appropriately (oxfam.org.au, 2017). It has incited Oxfam to start advertising effort for empowering individuals give more for the destitute individuals. Presently, Oxfam has ready to build its compass in the worldwide market. Hence, it requires colossal measure of work power for satisfying the social reason and exercises. Therefore, consideration of volunteers has gotten clear for the association in keeping up the cost level leveled out (ztamur Karakad?lar, 2014). Else, it would be incredibly hard for Oxfam to satisfy all the business goals. Then again, incorporation of volunteers would permit Oxfam to impact increasingly number of individuals to give for the social reason and exercises. By and by, Oxfam Australias work has reach in 28 nations where in excess of 5 million weakness individuals has gotten help with driving their lives. Along these lines, incorporation of volunteers would permit improving the way of life of the worldwide impediment individuals. SWOT examination: Qualities Shortcomings Social advertising would permit Oxfam Australia to set up solid nearness in the worldwide market Oxfam has amazingly solid brand notoriety, as it has helped a large number of drawback individuals the whole way across the world Oxfam has individuals from all over the world who gives gigantic measure of standard items for the penniless individuals Oxfam still has not ready to set up its essence in the Africa and European mainland totally Oxfam still has not ready to comfort required number of individuals for giving items to the burden individuals Openings Dangers Utilizing the solid brand notoriety, Oxfam can expand its range in all pieces of the world It additionally need to incorporate exceptional consideration for road youngsters with the goal that they can ready to get needed help Expanding number of burden individuals the whole way across the world has additionally expanded the degree of difficulties for Oxfam to offer appropriate help As Oxfam has concentrated on using volunteers for satisfying all the prerequisites of the operational procedure, it should invest extra energy to inspire them towards the gave obligations (Papadopoulos Heslop, 2014) Expanding cost of every day utilization items has risen as another significant difficulties for Oxfam to counter so as to satisfy the necessities of the inconvenience individuals Table 1: SWOT investigation (Source: Armstrong et al., 2012) Avocation of a suitable objective market: As indicated by Baker (2014), adequacy of social market techniques relies upon the targets of the association. It has been evaluated that unmistakable points and targets regularly permit individuals to get mindful about the substance of social promoting. Therefore, Oxfam should concentrate on using all showcasing factors adequately so as to make greatest effect available. According to the article by Chung, Lu Wang and Huang (2012), associations need to assess factors related with the advertising blend procedure for satisfying all the destinations adequately. In this manner, promoting blend methodologies of Oxfam Australia are given as follows: Item: As indicated by Eggers, Hansen and Davis (2012) hierarchical items mirror the sort of offices it accommodate building up its quality in the market. Oxfam doesn't fabricate any items, as it would build the general operational expense. Thus, Oxfam prompt individuals to give more for the so it can ready to guarantee sound network to the whole network. Be that as it may, Oxfam attempts to guarantee the nature of the items stay at the most elevated request. Along these lines, it require gigantic labor for impacting individuals from various pieces of the world to guarantee required measure of items has been gathered. In this manner, Oxfam should actualize social promoting for selecting more individuals for satisfying all the prerequisites of the operational procedure (Sarin, Challagalla Kohli, 2012). Additionally, it would permit Oxfam to gather wide scope of items from the market. Social advertising would likewise help Oxfam to build trust level among the individuals from the whole way ac ross the globe. Cost: According to the article by Kim et al. (2012) cost mirrors the sum that clients pay so as to satisfy their requirements and needs adequately. If there should be an occurrence of benefit association, cost has been set at such level that can give required degree of benefit. Be that as it may, the business goal of Oxfam is to offer most extreme help administrations to the detriment individuals. Consequently, it has attempted to set the value level amazingly low with the goal that individuals from all pay gatherings can ready to bear the cost of it without any problem. Here, use of social showcasing is basic, as it would permit association to give data with respect to the social reason targets. It has additionally been evaluated that Oxfam needs to utilize least cash for finishing the whole operational technique for offering legitimate help administrations to the individuals beneath the destitution line. Spot/dispersion: As featured by Leonidou et al. (2013) spot or dispersion alludes to the client access towards a particular item or administration gave by the organization. Hence, Oxfam should concentrate on using market inclusion, diversifying, warehousing and arrangement to guarantee all the inconvenience individuals get legitimate help administrations. Along these lines, it would require successful observing and evaluating from the administration of Oxfam, which will expand the centrality of remembering volunteers for the organization. Moreover, distinguishing perfect individuals is another basic part of Oxfam conveyance method, which would likewise require HR. Presently, consideration of volunteers would not permit the operational expense to build more than the ideal level. Thus, it would permit association to convey administrations from various pieces of the world. Advancement/correspondence: Oxfam additionally need to concentrate on the advancement of powerful communicational strategy with the goal that it can guarantee the whole targets can satisfied at the ideal level. Presently, as a non-benefit association, Oxfam should concentrate on passing on message identified with social reason to the individuals all over the globe. Something else, the general goal of starting social showcasing effort would not be satisfied in a fitting way (Lusch Vargo, 2014). Hence, Oxfam should be incredibly cautious at the hour of choosing any special devices for satisfying business targets. For example, Oxfam would likewise need to concentrate on using direct advertising effort for correspondence the business destinations to the individuals the whole way across the world. Hence, it would require immense work power, which can't be finished without the consideration of volunteers. Thusly, it would build up the way that Oxfam Australia needed to remember volunteers for the organization and the executives administrations. Else, it would not ready to satisfy its business targets. Eye catching message: As referenced by Morgan, Katsikeas and Vorhies (2012) legitimate improvement of message is basic for speaking with the potential clients viably. Presently, operational procedure of Oxfam Australia has impacted to catch the eye of the considerable number of people groups, as it would likewise need to build the quantity of benefactors for satisfying all the market prerequisites. Oxfam additionally have concentrated on creating powerful message for catching the eye of the individuals. Hence, Oxfam should concentrated on following slogan Join us and feel the flavor of globalization for catching the consideration of the individuals. Subsequently, the message hopes to incite individuals for contributing more for the prosperity of the network. Viability of the created message: As referenced before, Oxfam has just settled itself in around 28 nations. In this way, if social advertising message of the organization can impact individuals to turn into a functioning volunteer of the association, it would permit them to give help with the general advantages of the world. Besides, the message has attempted to incorporate individuals from the whole way across the world to turn into a functioning part inside the association. Truth be told, the message has attempted to actuate individuals to turn into an individual from the association in any which ways (Shih, Chen, 2013). For example, individuals can pick be a benefactor, which will permit the association to gather required measure of items for satisfying the necessities of the individuals living underneath the destitution line. Then again, message additionally has attempted to incorporate individuals as a volunteer, which will likewise give help to the association in making mindfulness in the worldwide market (Shet h Sisodia, 2015). Throughout the years, the whole world is enduring with the expanding number of individuals living beneath th

The Differences Between Hard vs. Soft Drugs

The Differences Between Hard vs. Soft Drugs Addiction Drug Use Print The Differences Between Hard and Soft Drugs By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 22, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Colin Brynn/The Image Bank/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery The terms soft drugs and hard drugs are arbitrary terms with little to no clear criteria or scientific basis. Typically, the term hard drug has been used to categorize drugs that are addictive and injectable, notably, heroin, cocaine, and crystal methamphetamine.  Marijuana is usually the only drug included within the category of soft drugs, although some people include nicotine and alcohol in the soft drug category because of their legal status for use by adults, and their relative social acceptability compared to illegal drugs. The term soft drug is sometimes used interchangeably with the term gateway drug, a term that is equally inaccurate.?? Questions of the Terms Soft and Hard in Reference to Drugs Use of the terms hard and soft drugs raises more questions than it answers. Is a drug only hard when it is injected? Surely heroin, crack, and meth is not soft drugs when they are smoked. With these drugs, it is the purity, amount, frequency of use, social context, and route of administration that typically determines how harmful it is. And the implication that marijuana is a soft or relatively harmless drug is being increasingly questioned. There are several different types of marijuana, with hashish and hash oil traditionally being thought of as harder forms of cannabis. However, stronger strains of weed are being genetically engineered and longer-term harms are becoming more apparent. Criminology research shows that few drug offenders limit themselves to only one drug, bringing into question the idea that drug users are able to limit themselves to a single soft drug, although there is a clear pattern among this population of progression from marijuana to heroin.?? Difficulties With Categorization of Drugs If we were to categorize drugs according to how hard or soft they are, several drugs would be particularly difficult to categorize. Hallucinogens, such as magic mushrooms and LSD, and the rave drug ecstasy, are generally not considered by users to be addictive â€" although some research tells a different story.?? But given the lower incidence of addiction to these drugs  and the fact that they are taken orally rather than injected, would they be considered soft drugs? As the risks associated with bad trips and flashbacks are well-documented, and with their status as controlled drugs, it is unlikely that experts would support the view that they are soft drugs. And which category would prescription medications, such as tranquilizers and painkillers, go into? We dont usually hear the term hard drugs applied to these medications, even when they are abused, yet some are chemically similar to heroin, while others are among the most addictive drugs around and the most dangerous to withdraw from. So the soft drug category doesnt fit for them, either. Closing Thoughts So the terms hard drugs and soft drugs dont tell you much about the drugs being referred to. They are used mostly for dramatic effect, to get across the speakers perceptions about the relative harmfulness of one drug compared to another.

Causes And Effects Of Anaphylaxis - 876 Words

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can be caused by ingestion of certain foods or a bug or animal bite. Symptoms of an anaphylactic shock are dangerous and can include poor blood circulation, shortness of breath, and trouble swallowing, all of which may lead to death if untreated. The first step to treating anaphylaxis is epinephrine, a hormone and neurotransmitter which treats by acting as false adrenaline for the body, effectively stopping the symptoms of anaphylaxis. Since 1980, people with anaphylaxis have been able to carry epinephrine, a life saving treatment, on them at all times with the invention of the epinephrine auto-injector, or EpiPen. The EpiPen was and remains a revolutionary piece of technology; a device which allowed sufferers to quickly and safely inject epinephrine in themselves, with simple instructions printed right on the side in the event someone else had to administer the injection. Epinephrine, the medicine contained within an EpiPen, is sold very cheaply. The Epipen, however, has faced a series of price increases, resulting in its manufacturer, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, facing extreme criticism. According to Carrier (2016), â€Å"Between 2009 and 2016, Mylan raised the price of this life-saving device, which delivers epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis shock, 15 times, resulting in an increase of more than 400%† (p.1). The uproar is widespread, with several powerful voices chiming in, such as that of democratic presidentialShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Exposure Of Horse1399 Words   |  6 Pagescalled hypersensitivity and is clinically recognizable as allergy. If the reaction is sudden and clinically severe, it is called anaphylaxis and may result in anaphylactic shock. Eyre (1976) observed systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypotension, and apnea with anaphylaxis in horses and concluded that histamine and serotonin were of relatively low significance in equin e anaphylaxis, whereas kinins, prostaglandins and slow reacting substance may be more important. While Burka et al. (1976) described thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Allergies1391 Words   |  6 Pagesin the population.In addition ,Cause of food allergy enter hospital almost thirty thousand people to the emergency room, and up to a hundred to two hundred deaths each year (Taylor and Hefle. 2005). The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the on the issue of food allergies in terms of the number of people having allergies, various emergency situations,allergy symptoms, allergy treatment and prevention. 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However, if these required vaccinations cause the child to develop sickness or other health problems, they cannot attend school. Factors such as public education requiring vaccinations may pressure parents into getting their child fully vaccinated, even if they do not agree with it. There is a large argument against some vaccinations due to claims of strong and potentially harmful (or fatal) side effects affe cting the child only after obtaining vaccines. There are also issuesRead MoreImportance Of Immunisations And Vaccination833 Words   |  4 Pagesdose of the disease or virus. The dose is small and weak enough to allow the body to create antibodies that fight the disease, without the patient actually being infected and suffering the symptoms of the disease. With the immune response put into effect, the body has created distinct antibodies for a certain disease that can be used to fight off the disease if it ever tries to attack the host. 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Effect Of Excessive Poaching On African Elephants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 711 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Animal Poaching Essay Did you like this example? While elephants born without tusks are not unheard of, they normally make up just 2 to 6 percent of the herd population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s civil war, were born tusk less. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert and National Geographic Explorer, has a different theory. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effect Of Excessive Poaching On African Elephants" essay for you Create order Poole thinks we may be witnessing an unnaturally created evolution of the species due to the incessant poaching of the mammals for their valuable tusks. Tusks unlike our permanent teeth continue to grow throughout the elephants life, they get longer and thicker with age and while humans continue to use the tusks for ornamental use they are actually essential for the survival of the mammals. While poachers usually first target older males due to their impressive tusks, females are not spared either. As a result, in areas where poaching goes unchecked for long periods of time, the population of tusk less females increases. This allows them to gain a biological advantage, resulting in a larger than average population of females with no tusks. This is not the first time researchers have observed a drastic change in the population of elephant herds who have suffered severe poaching losses. Thus far, the consequence of poaching has largely impacted female elephants. Poole explains, â€Å"Because males require tusks for certain tasks, however very few males are tusk less. For African elephants, tusk less males have a much harder time breeding and do not pass on their genes as often as tusked males.† However, if the slaughtering of males with the most impressive tusks continues at this pace, it could result in a generation of elephants with much smaller tusks. Poole says, however the recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help to eliminate, or at the very least redu ce, the poaching of elephants. But, scientists are not sure how long it will take for the elephant herds with a higher rate of tusk less females, to reverse the trend. Excessive Poaching May Be Causing African Elephants To Evolve Without Tusks While elephants born without tusks are not unheard of, they normally make up just 2 to 6 percent of the herd population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s civil war, were born tusk less. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert and National Geographic Explorer, has a different theory. Poole thinks we may be witnessing an unnaturally created evolution of the species due to the incessant poaching of the mammals for their valuable tusks. Tusks unlike our permanent teeth continue to grow throughout the elephants life, they get longer and thicker with age and while humans continue to use the tusks for ornamental use they are actually essential for the survival of the mammals. While poachers usually first target older males due to their impressive tusks, females are not spared either. As a result, in areas where poaching goes unchecked for long periods of time, the population of tusk less females increases. This allows them to gain a biological advantage, resulting in a larger than average population of females with no tusks. This is not the first time researchers have observed a drastic change in the population of elephant herds who have suffered severe poaching losses. Thus far, the consequence of poaching has largely impacted female elephants. Poole explains, â€Å"Because males require tusks for certain tasks, however very few males are tusk less. For African elephants, tusk less males have a much harder time breeding and do not pass on their genes as often as tusked males.† However, if the slaughtering of males with the most impressive tusks continues at this pace, it could result in a generation of elephants with much smaller tusks. Poole says, however the recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help to eliminate, or at the very least redu ce, the poaching of elephants. But, scientists are not sure how long it will take for the elephant herds with a higher rate of tusk less females, to reverse the trend.

Influence of Dominant Culture Free Essays

Eunice Oh Jerome 2/24/11 Essay 3 Draft 1 Influences of Dominant Cultures There are many historical stories and daily events where we can see influences of dominant cultures. When a dominant power controls a minority power, there can have some positive effects; however, most of the influences are negative. The memoir, When I Was Puerto Rican, by Esmeralda Santiago, is a great example of how the majority can have a variety of influences on the minority. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Dominant Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The influences of a dominant culture on others can cause some limitations upon the minority’s actions or behaviors that can be seen as â€Å"against the norm†, can cause the minority to lose their culture and assimilate into the majority and possibly lead to suffering, mistreatment, and discrimination by majority groups. The dominant culture or power can cause some limitations to the minority’s actions. In the memoir, When I Was Puerto Rican, Negi shows how men have power over women in a family. In Puerto Rico, men are supposed to work outside and be the breadwinner of the family. Women are not expected to have a job, but instead are subjected to a domestic role, such as doing the housework and raising children. This dominant traditional culture imposes many limitations on women such as not as many jobs are available compared to the opportunities offered to men and need to get married before they reach a certain age to not be called Jamonas, which translates to â€Å"old, unmarried woman†. In the memoir, Mami gets a job and tells Negi to take care of her siblings. This causes her family members to feel different ways. Negi expresses, â€Å"I couldn’t help the tears that broke my face into a million bits, which made her kneel and hold me†(112). Negi describes how Mami has to get up even earlier than before to make breakfast and go to work. The dominant culture of females doing the housework requires Mami to work both outside and at home. Also, since the dominant culture is expecting women to stay at home, people view Mami as a woman who does not fit with the norm. It is hard to break dominant traditional cultures that place many limitations on the minority. In Puerto Rico, people call unmarried old woman Jamonas. Because the dominant culture sees those women with certain perception, it already makes other people see Jamonas in a wrong way. This will impose many limitations on Jamonas’ actions such as when they try to get a job or to get married. Having limitations is not the only influence of the dominant culture. It can also cause the minority to lose their culture and become a part of the majority. In the article, â€Å"Alien Soil†, Jamaica Kincaid recalls what she sees about the influence of a dominant culture in her experience. There was naturally an attempt among some of them (Antiguans) to imitate their rulers in this particular way—by rearranging the landscape—and they did it without question†. Antiguan people are following the dominant ruler (the English) without noticing and questioning what they are doing. Since it is more likely that the majority will greatly influence the culture and way of life of the minority. It can result in the minority losing their culture. Also, as the dominant culture influences the minority, it is likely that the minority follows and believes that the dominant side seems right. When Hitler first became the dictator of Germany, it is certain that many citizens did not want Hitler to be the dictator. However, as Nazi power became dominant, citizens slowly jumped the bandwagon. Citizens, who could be seen as the minority in terms of power, chose to follow the new dominant culture in order to survive and for the good of the country. This resulted in tragedy, which killed an unbelievable number of Jewish people during World War II. Therefore, it is important to decide if it is okay to follow the dominant power. The Jewish people had to lose their culture since the Nazis tried to wipe out the gene of the Jewish. They did not have any power to oppose Hitler, which just leads to their death. Puerto Rico can be seen as an independent country, but the ultimate power belongs to the United States. This indirect dominant power of the United States over Puerto Ricans causes many influences. The older generation in Puerto Rico mostly opposed on the United States having power over them, but the younger generation seems to prefer the way they live right now. This shift in opinion was because of dominant power. Since the United States helps them and was beneficial to them, the younger generation in Puerto Rico tend to follow the US’ dominant power. This might result in the loss of their culture due to the dominant culture’s influences. Another influence of the dominant culture is that the minority group usually suffers a lot of mistreatment and discrimination from the majority. Korea was once conquered by Japan around the early 1940’s, and some influences still remain as a scar in many people’s lives. Korea’s lack of improvement in the economy and educational system was later dominated by the Japanese style. This was one of the few good parts of Japanese dominant culture influences from Korea. However, there are many negative influences that required many sacrifices from Koreans. Japan was in the war with America at that time, therefore, Japan took most of the military resources from Korea. Most citizens were forced to work like slaves and not treated like human. Those sacrifices still remain in many people’s lives. It brings a lot of influences to younger generation, too. Koreans and Japanese often show hatred toward each other when thinking about their belligerent history. The memoir, Fairwell to Manzanar, by Jeanne Wakasuki, shows how the Japanese had to go through all the sacrifices because of the dominant power of the United States. After the Pearl Harbor attack, Japanese people were placed in internment camps, even though they did not commit any crimes directly. However, the dominant power of the United States was enough to force the Japanese to the camps. It led to a lot of turmoil for them. Jeanne’s father lost his pride and power as the head of the family. They had to give up on their home, friends, and live in harsh conditions. This historical memoir shows that dominant power can influence the lives of many people just because of they are powerless to fight back. There can be many positive influences of dominant cultures. However, having the dominant power on the minority is more likely to influence them in negative ways. It can cause many disturbances, such as the loss of minority power, and can also lead to sacrifices from the minority to survive from the majority. Therefore, it is crucial for both the majority and minority to cooperate to ensure the prosperity of the collective. How to cite Influence of Dominant Culture, Essay examples

The Use of Tea Tree Oil as an Alternative to Mupirocin for Those Suffering free essay sample

Abstract In vitro studies show that tea tree oil can be used as a topical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) eradication regimen in a laboratory setting. This report has been researched using a wide range of journals and internet sources to find out whether tea tree oil can be used as an alternative to Mupirocin for those suffering from MRSA colonisation. The journals that were searched contained useful information about tea tree oil as an antiseptic, however, many of the studies, like Hada et al (2001), looked at inhibiting the MRSA colonization rather than eradicating it. There were three studies found to be useful in this review. The first was Dryden et al (2004) which found Mupirocin to be more effective than tea tree oil by only a small percentage. The second study by Caelli et al (2001), which had considerably fewer participants, showed a large but non-significant improvement in eradicating MRSA compared to traditional treatment. Finally, the third study by May et al (2000) was performed with two chemically different tea tree oils and found a rapid killing time (less than 60 min) was achieved with both tea tree oils with most isolates, but MRSA was killed more slowly than other organisms. This study does not include murpirocin, however, it shows the success rates of tea tree oil as an antiseptic. All of these studies are cited in a review found by Flaxman (2007) which compares two randomized controlled trials which was undertaken to show the effects of tea tree oil and mupirocin in eradicating MRSA. There are currently an insufficient amount of studies to support the viability of tea tree oil in clinical practice against the eradication of MRSA. Introduction Antibiotics have saved millions of lives by killing harmful bacteria that cause infections. But the overuse of antibiotics has lead to the development of strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a type of bacteria that doesnt respond to treatment with many common antibiotics. Tea tree oil has been suggested as a possible alternative to dealing with certain forms of MRSA infection, but questions about its effectiveness remain (webmd. boots. com). Mupirocin is an antibiotic that is used topically on the skin for the treatment of bacterial disease of the skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Unlike most other antibiotics which act on either bacterial DNA or the walls of bacteria, mupirocin blocks the bacteriums ability to make proteins. Without the ability to make proteins, the bacteria die (medicinenet. com). Tea tree oil is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, a tree native to Australia, and is reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties (Dryden, 2004). Currently, tea tree oil is used in cosmetics and healthcare products and has recently re-emerged as an effective antiseptic. Tea tree oil appears to exert its antibacterial action by disrupting the integrity of cell membranes of the bacteria, causing leaks in the cell walls to occur. Several studies show that tea tree oil is successful in killing MRSA in relatively short periods of time in concentrations 5% or less (Carson et al, 1995; May et al, 2000; Banes-Marshall et al, 2001 cited in Flaxman, 2007). A limited number of published controlled clinical trials support this latter use (May, 1999). Discussion A study by Dryden et al (2004) was a randomized controlled trial that dealt with tea tree oil compared to the usual treatment of MRSA. Dryden et al’s study took place a district general hospital and involved 236 people, whereas a study by Caelli et al (2000), which was also a randomized controlled trial, involved only 30 people and took place in an acute teaching referral hospital. There is little information on this hospital therefore it cannot be compared to other hospital settings (Dryden, Caelli cited in Flaxman, 2007). It was found that those who bathed using preparations containing tea tree oil never caught MRSA, whilst those who did not use them almost always did. According to Dryden et al (2004) tea tree creams and soaps appeared to be safe and well tolerated. Dryden also found that there was no significant difference between the two regimens when all patients and all colonized sites were taken into consideration with a success rate of 41% for tea tree oil and 49% for mupirocin. However, mupirocin was significantly more effective than tea tree cream in the nostrils (Dryden, 2004). Unlike Dryden et al, the study by Caelli et al (2000) gave age ranges for comparison in their two groups. Fifty-eight years compared to seventy-four years may have influenced the results as younger patients usually only suffer with nasal carriage and older patients tend to suffer with chronic wounds colonized with MRSA (Flaxman, 2007). However, Dryden treated lesions that Caelli et al did not which may also have affected the results in that lesions are often colonized if a patient has carriage (Flaxman, 2007). A study by May et al (2000) was an in-vitro study looking at time-kill studies of tea free oil on clinical isolates including MRSA. It was performed with two chemically different tea tree oils and found a rapid killing time (less than 60 min) was achieved with both tea tree oils with most isolates, but MRSA was killed more slowly than other organisms. The results of the time–kill studies show the clone of tea tree oil, known as clone 88, to be more or equally effective compared with the standard oil (May et al, 2000). Conclusion Even though mupirocin shows a slightly higher success rate than tea tree oil in some studies shown, tea tree oil is a viable alternative to antibiotic treatment for MRSA skin infections. This finding is especially important as bacterial resistance continues to increase and infections become harder to treat. However, evidence seems to favour mupirocin as first line treatments for MRSA. There are enough studies to warrant further investigation to whether tea tree oil products have a role in treating MRSA. Tea tree oil should also be seen as a second line treatment for nasal colonisation based on the results of the Dryden et al study.