Causes And Effects Of Anaphylaxis - 876 Words

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that can be caused by ingestion of certain foods or a bug or animal bite. Symptoms of an anaphylactic shock are dangerous and can include poor blood circulation, shortness of breath, and trouble swallowing, all of which may lead to death if untreated. The first step to treating anaphylaxis is epinephrine, a hormone and neurotransmitter which treats by acting as false adrenaline for the body, effectively stopping the symptoms of anaphylaxis. Since 1980, people with anaphylaxis have been able to carry epinephrine, a life saving treatment, on them at all times with the invention of the epinephrine auto-injector, or EpiPen. The EpiPen was and remains a revolutionary piece of technology; a device which allowed sufferers to quickly and safely inject epinephrine in themselves, with simple instructions printed right on the side in the event someone else had to administer the injection. Epinephrine, the medicine contained within an EpiPen, is sold very cheaply. The Epipen, however, has faced a series of price increases, resulting in its manufacturer, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, facing extreme criticism. According to Carrier (2016), â€Å"Between 2009 and 2016, Mylan raised the price of this life-saving device, which delivers epinephrine to treat anaphylaxis shock, 15 times, resulting in an increase of more than 400%† (p.1). The uproar is widespread, with several powerful voices chiming in, such as that of democratic presidentialShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Exposure Of Horse1399 Words   |  6 Pagescalled hypersensitivity and is clinically recognizable as allergy. If the reaction is sudden and clinically severe, it is called anaphylaxis and may result in anaphylactic shock. Eyre (1976) observed systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypotension, and apnea with anaphylaxis in horses and concluded that histamine and serotonin were of relatively low significance in equin e anaphylaxis, whereas kinins, prostaglandins and slow reacting substance may be more important. While Burka et al. (1976) described thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Allergies1391 Words   |  6 Pagesin the population.In addition ,Cause of food allergy enter hospital almost thirty thousand people to the emergency room, and up to a hundred to two hundred deaths each year (Taylor and Hefle. 2005). The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the on the issue of food allergies in terms of the number of people having allergies, various emergency situations,allergy symptoms, allergy treatment and prevention. Thus, this paper aims to provide information the effects and symptoms of food allergiesRead MoreAllergy : An Common Inveterate Case Worldwide1389 Words   |  6 Pagesin the population.In addition ,Cause of food allergy enter hospital almost thirty thousand people to the emergency room, and up to a hundred to two hundred deaths each year (Taylor and Hefle. 2005). The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the on the issue of food allergies in terms of the number of people having allergies, various emergency situations,allergy symptoms, allergy treatment and prevention. Thus, this paper aims to provide information the effects and symptoms of food allergiesRead MoreFood Allergies : A Growing Problem1747 Words   |  7 Pagesperson to person, sometimes it may be simple and small fixable reactions such as vomiting and or rash, nausea along with a lot of other smaller reactions, but they can also become life threatening very quickly and suddenly and in some cases can even cause death. This shows how serious food allergies can be and unfortunately food allergies can’t be cured, although they can be treated in early childhood to try and avoid the allergy from even occurring in the body. In some extreme cases there are medicationsRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccinating Children1237 Words   |  5 Pagesvaccinations to attend public school. However, if these required vaccinations cause the child to get sick or develop health problems, they cannot attend school. Factors such as public education requiring vaccinations may pressure parents into getting their child fully vaccinated, even if they do not agree with it. There is a large argument against some vaccinations due to claims of strong and potentially harmful (or fatal) side effects affecting the child only after getting vaccines. There are also issuesRead MoreArgumentative Argument For Vaccinations1238 Words   |  5 Pagesvaccinations to attend public school. However, if these required vaccinations cause the child to develop sickness or other health problems, they cannot attend school. Factors such as public education requiring vaccinations may pressure parents into getting their child fully vaccinated, even if they do not agree with it. There is a large argument against some vaccinations due to claims of strong and potentially harmful (or fatal) side effects affe cting the child only after obtaining vaccines. There are also issuesRead MoreImportance Of Immunisations And Vaccination833 Words   |  4 Pagesdose of the disease or virus. The dose is small and weak enough to allow the body to create antibodies that fight the disease, without the patient actually being infected and suffering the symptoms of the disease. With the immune response put into effect, the body has created distinct antibodies for a certain disease that can be used to fight off the disease if it ever tries to attack the host. It is strongly encouraged that all children get vaccinated with various immunisations to protect the childRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Pneumonia1234 Words   |  5 PagesPneumonia can be defined as the inflammatory process of the lungs that produces excess fluid. The most common cause of pneumonia is bacteria pneumonia. Bacteria pneumonia is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia. This type of pneumonia can occur on its own or after you ve had a c old or the flu. For your average adult, pneumonia manifestations include: fever, chills, flushed face, diaphoresis, shortness of breath, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, sputum production, crackles, coughing, dull chest percussionRead MoreVaccination927 Words   |  4 Pagesvaccine is a much safer way to make antibodies without having the suffering of the disease itself and the risk of becoming disabled or even dying. Antibodies stay with you for a long time. They remember how to fight off the germ. If the real germ that causes this disease (not the vaccine) enters your body in the future, your defense system knows how to fight it off. Often, your defense system will remember how to fight a germ for the rest of your life. Sometimes, your defense system needs a boosterRead MoreDairy Allergies and What to do About Them700 Words   |  3 PagesWhat to do About Them Food allergy or hypersensitivity refers to the abnormal allergic reaction of the body’s immune system to a usually harmless food such as milk, eggs, peanuts, and fish. Food allergens that cause allergic reactions are usually proteins and this can cause adverse effects even if cooked or have been digested. Dairy allergens include milk and milk proteins that are found in cows, sheep, goat, and other grazing mammals that produce milk. Milk allergy symptoms may differ from person

Effect Of Excessive Poaching On African Elephants - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 711 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Animal Poaching Essay Did you like this example? While elephants born without tusks are not unheard of, they normally make up just 2 to 6 percent of the herd population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s civil war, were born tusk less. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert and National Geographic Explorer, has a different theory. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effect Of Excessive Poaching On African Elephants" essay for you Create order Poole thinks we may be witnessing an unnaturally created evolution of the species due to the incessant poaching of the mammals for their valuable tusks. Tusks unlike our permanent teeth continue to grow throughout the elephants life, they get longer and thicker with age and while humans continue to use the tusks for ornamental use they are actually essential for the survival of the mammals. While poachers usually first target older males due to their impressive tusks, females are not spared either. As a result, in areas where poaching goes unchecked for long periods of time, the population of tusk less females increases. This allows them to gain a biological advantage, resulting in a larger than average population of females with no tusks. This is not the first time researchers have observed a drastic change in the population of elephant herds who have suffered severe poaching losses. Thus far, the consequence of poaching has largely impacted female elephants. Poole explains, â€Å"Because males require tusks for certain tasks, however very few males are tusk less. For African elephants, tusk less males have a much harder time breeding and do not pass on their genes as often as tusked males.† However, if the slaughtering of males with the most impressive tusks continues at this pace, it could result in a generation of elephants with much smaller tusks. Poole says, however the recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help to eliminate, or at the very least redu ce, the poaching of elephants. But, scientists are not sure how long it will take for the elephant herds with a higher rate of tusk less females, to reverse the trend. Excessive Poaching May Be Causing African Elephants To Evolve Without Tusks While elephants born without tusks are not unheard of, they normally make up just 2 to 6 percent of the herd population. However, that is not the case at Mozambique’s Gorongosa National Park, where 33 percent of female elephants born after the country’s civil war, were born tusk less. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert and National Geographic Explorer, has a different theory. Poole thinks we may be witnessing an unnaturally created evolution of the species due to the incessant poaching of the mammals for their valuable tusks. Tusks unlike our permanent teeth continue to grow throughout the elephants life, they get longer and thicker with age and while humans continue to use the tusks for ornamental use they are actually essential for the survival of the mammals. While poachers usually first target older males due to their impressive tusks, females are not spared either. As a result, in areas where poaching goes unchecked for long periods of time, the population of tusk less females increases. This allows them to gain a biological advantage, resulting in a larger than average population of females with no tusks. This is not the first time researchers have observed a drastic change in the population of elephant herds who have suffered severe poaching losses. Thus far, the consequence of poaching has largely impacted female elephants. Poole explains, â€Å"Because males require tusks for certain tasks, however very few males are tusk less. For African elephants, tusk less males have a much harder time breeding and do not pass on their genes as often as tusked males.† However, if the slaughtering of males with the most impressive tusks continues at this pace, it could result in a generation of elephants with much smaller tusks. Poole says, however the recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help to eliminate, or at the very least redu ce, the poaching of elephants. But, scientists are not sure how long it will take for the elephant herds with a higher rate of tusk less females, to reverse the trend.

Influence of Dominant Culture Free Essays

Eunice Oh Jerome 2/24/11 Essay 3 Draft 1 Influences of Dominant Cultures There are many historical stories and daily events where we can see influences of dominant cultures. When a dominant power controls a minority power, there can have some positive effects; however, most of the influences are negative. The memoir, When I Was Puerto Rican, by Esmeralda Santiago, is a great example of how the majority can have a variety of influences on the minority. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Dominant Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The influences of a dominant culture on others can cause some limitations upon the minority’s actions or behaviors that can be seen as â€Å"against the norm†, can cause the minority to lose their culture and assimilate into the majority and possibly lead to suffering, mistreatment, and discrimination by majority groups. The dominant culture or power can cause some limitations to the minority’s actions. In the memoir, When I Was Puerto Rican, Negi shows how men have power over women in a family. In Puerto Rico, men are supposed to work outside and be the breadwinner of the family. Women are not expected to have a job, but instead are subjected to a domestic role, such as doing the housework and raising children. This dominant traditional culture imposes many limitations on women such as not as many jobs are available compared to the opportunities offered to men and need to get married before they reach a certain age to not be called Jamonas, which translates to â€Å"old, unmarried woman†. In the memoir, Mami gets a job and tells Negi to take care of her siblings. This causes her family members to feel different ways. Negi expresses, â€Å"I couldn’t help the tears that broke my face into a million bits, which made her kneel and hold me†(112). Negi describes how Mami has to get up even earlier than before to make breakfast and go to work. The dominant culture of females doing the housework requires Mami to work both outside and at home. Also, since the dominant culture is expecting women to stay at home, people view Mami as a woman who does not fit with the norm. It is hard to break dominant traditional cultures that place many limitations on the minority. In Puerto Rico, people call unmarried old woman Jamonas. Because the dominant culture sees those women with certain perception, it already makes other people see Jamonas in a wrong way. This will impose many limitations on Jamonas’ actions such as when they try to get a job or to get married. Having limitations is not the only influence of the dominant culture. It can also cause the minority to lose their culture and become a part of the majority. In the article, â€Å"Alien Soil†, Jamaica Kincaid recalls what she sees about the influence of a dominant culture in her experience. There was naturally an attempt among some of them (Antiguans) to imitate their rulers in this particular way—by rearranging the landscape—and they did it without question†. Antiguan people are following the dominant ruler (the English) without noticing and questioning what they are doing. Since it is more likely that the majority will greatly influence the culture and way of life of the minority. It can result in the minority losing their culture. Also, as the dominant culture influences the minority, it is likely that the minority follows and believes that the dominant side seems right. When Hitler first became the dictator of Germany, it is certain that many citizens did not want Hitler to be the dictator. However, as Nazi power became dominant, citizens slowly jumped the bandwagon. Citizens, who could be seen as the minority in terms of power, chose to follow the new dominant culture in order to survive and for the good of the country. This resulted in tragedy, which killed an unbelievable number of Jewish people during World War II. Therefore, it is important to decide if it is okay to follow the dominant power. The Jewish people had to lose their culture since the Nazis tried to wipe out the gene of the Jewish. They did not have any power to oppose Hitler, which just leads to their death. Puerto Rico can be seen as an independent country, but the ultimate power belongs to the United States. This indirect dominant power of the United States over Puerto Ricans causes many influences. The older generation in Puerto Rico mostly opposed on the United States having power over them, but the younger generation seems to prefer the way they live right now. This shift in opinion was because of dominant power. Since the United States helps them and was beneficial to them, the younger generation in Puerto Rico tend to follow the US’ dominant power. This might result in the loss of their culture due to the dominant culture’s influences. Another influence of the dominant culture is that the minority group usually suffers a lot of mistreatment and discrimination from the majority. Korea was once conquered by Japan around the early 1940’s, and some influences still remain as a scar in many people’s lives. Korea’s lack of improvement in the economy and educational system was later dominated by the Japanese style. This was one of the few good parts of Japanese dominant culture influences from Korea. However, there are many negative influences that required many sacrifices from Koreans. Japan was in the war with America at that time, therefore, Japan took most of the military resources from Korea. Most citizens were forced to work like slaves and not treated like human. Those sacrifices still remain in many people’s lives. It brings a lot of influences to younger generation, too. Koreans and Japanese often show hatred toward each other when thinking about their belligerent history. The memoir, Fairwell to Manzanar, by Jeanne Wakasuki, shows how the Japanese had to go through all the sacrifices because of the dominant power of the United States. After the Pearl Harbor attack, Japanese people were placed in internment camps, even though they did not commit any crimes directly. However, the dominant power of the United States was enough to force the Japanese to the camps. It led to a lot of turmoil for them. Jeanne’s father lost his pride and power as the head of the family. They had to give up on their home, friends, and live in harsh conditions. This historical memoir shows that dominant power can influence the lives of many people just because of they are powerless to fight back. There can be many positive influences of dominant cultures. However, having the dominant power on the minority is more likely to influence them in negative ways. It can cause many disturbances, such as the loss of minority power, and can also lead to sacrifices from the minority to survive from the majority. Therefore, it is crucial for both the majority and minority to cooperate to ensure the prosperity of the collective. How to cite Influence of Dominant Culture, Essay examples

The Use of Tea Tree Oil as an Alternative to Mupirocin for Those Suffering free essay sample

Abstract In vitro studies show that tea tree oil can be used as a topical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) eradication regimen in a laboratory setting. This report has been researched using a wide range of journals and internet sources to find out whether tea tree oil can be used as an alternative to Mupirocin for those suffering from MRSA colonisation. The journals that were searched contained useful information about tea tree oil as an antiseptic, however, many of the studies, like Hada et al (2001), looked at inhibiting the MRSA colonization rather than eradicating it. There were three studies found to be useful in this review. The first was Dryden et al (2004) which found Mupirocin to be more effective than tea tree oil by only a small percentage. The second study by Caelli et al (2001), which had considerably fewer participants, showed a large but non-significant improvement in eradicating MRSA compared to traditional treatment. Finally, the third study by May et al (2000) was performed with two chemically different tea tree oils and found a rapid killing time (less than 60 min) was achieved with both tea tree oils with most isolates, but MRSA was killed more slowly than other organisms. This study does not include murpirocin, however, it shows the success rates of tea tree oil as an antiseptic. All of these studies are cited in a review found by Flaxman (2007) which compares two randomized controlled trials which was undertaken to show the effects of tea tree oil and mupirocin in eradicating MRSA. There are currently an insufficient amount of studies to support the viability of tea tree oil in clinical practice against the eradication of MRSA. Introduction Antibiotics have saved millions of lives by killing harmful bacteria that cause infections. But the overuse of antibiotics has lead to the development of strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a type of bacteria that doesnt respond to treatment with many common antibiotics. Tea tree oil has been suggested as a possible alternative to dealing with certain forms of MRSA infection, but questions about its effectiveness remain (webmd. boots. com). Mupirocin is an antibiotic that is used topically on the skin for the treatment of bacterial disease of the skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Unlike most other antibiotics which act on either bacterial DNA or the walls of bacteria, mupirocin blocks the bacteriums ability to make proteins. Without the ability to make proteins, the bacteria die (medicinenet. com). Tea tree oil is obtained by steam distillation of the leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia, a tree native to Australia, and is reported to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties (Dryden, 2004). Currently, tea tree oil is used in cosmetics and healthcare products and has recently re-emerged as an effective antiseptic. Tea tree oil appears to exert its antibacterial action by disrupting the integrity of cell membranes of the bacteria, causing leaks in the cell walls to occur. Several studies show that tea tree oil is successful in killing MRSA in relatively short periods of time in concentrations 5% or less (Carson et al, 1995; May et al, 2000; Banes-Marshall et al, 2001 cited in Flaxman, 2007). A limited number of published controlled clinical trials support this latter use (May, 1999). Discussion A study by Dryden et al (2004) was a randomized controlled trial that dealt with tea tree oil compared to the usual treatment of MRSA. Dryden et al’s study took place a district general hospital and involved 236 people, whereas a study by Caelli et al (2000), which was also a randomized controlled trial, involved only 30 people and took place in an acute teaching referral hospital. There is little information on this hospital therefore it cannot be compared to other hospital settings (Dryden, Caelli cited in Flaxman, 2007). It was found that those who bathed using preparations containing tea tree oil never caught MRSA, whilst those who did not use them almost always did. According to Dryden et al (2004) tea tree creams and soaps appeared to be safe and well tolerated. Dryden also found that there was no significant difference between the two regimens when all patients and all colonized sites were taken into consideration with a success rate of 41% for tea tree oil and 49% for mupirocin. However, mupirocin was significantly more effective than tea tree cream in the nostrils (Dryden, 2004). Unlike Dryden et al, the study by Caelli et al (2000) gave age ranges for comparison in their two groups. Fifty-eight years compared to seventy-four years may have influenced the results as younger patients usually only suffer with nasal carriage and older patients tend to suffer with chronic wounds colonized with MRSA (Flaxman, 2007). However, Dryden treated lesions that Caelli et al did not which may also have affected the results in that lesions are often colonized if a patient has carriage (Flaxman, 2007). A study by May et al (2000) was an in-vitro study looking at time-kill studies of tea free oil on clinical isolates including MRSA. It was performed with two chemically different tea tree oils and found a rapid killing time (less than 60 min) was achieved with both tea tree oils with most isolates, but MRSA was killed more slowly than other organisms. The results of the time–kill studies show the clone of tea tree oil, known as clone 88, to be more or equally effective compared with the standard oil (May et al, 2000). Conclusion Even though mupirocin shows a slightly higher success rate than tea tree oil in some studies shown, tea tree oil is a viable alternative to antibiotic treatment for MRSA skin infections. This finding is especially important as bacterial resistance continues to increase and infections become harder to treat. However, evidence seems to favour mupirocin as first line treatments for MRSA. There are enough studies to warrant further investigation to whether tea tree oil products have a role in treating MRSA. Tea tree oil should also be seen as a second line treatment for nasal colonisation based on the results of the Dryden et al study.